Wednesday, August 27, 2014

August 28, 1864---William Tecumseh Sherman: "A paltry villain, a churlish knave, the very Fawkes of society . . . a cheat and shame upon the name of soldier"



AUGUST 28, 1864:   

60,000 Union troops wait to enter Atlanta. The Augusta, Georgia Daily Constitutionalist, reporting from the besieged city, editorializes:

The vandals in front of us having failed to take the city by fair means, and in open combat are resorting to the last expedient of a baffled, unprincipled and disconsolate bully—that of its destruction by fire.  Within the past four and twenty hours as many as nine buildings have touched the ground, and are now visible only in smouldering walls and charred ruins.  During these conflagrations the Yankee batteries played vigorously among the fire battalion.  They obtained the range by the clouds of smoke and flame and had nothing more noble to do than to drop their shells in among the humane non-combatants at their work of charity, and the frightened and houseless women and children fleeing from the wrath of the two fierce and consuming enemies.  Can anything be more typical of the desperation of the ruffians who came here under the illusion of winning an easy victory, or the infamy of the universal Yankee nation?  It is a perfect symbal [sic] of the fear of the intolerable wretch who commands them.  Sherman, who said that the waistcoat of God Almighty was not big enough to make him a coat, supports his pretentions [sic] to the character indicated by this blasphemy in every conceivable way, and rolls up mountain upon mountains of guilt every hour that he inspires the breath of life.  Of all the Yankee Generals he is the poorest, the vainest, the meanest.  He is without honor as a man, or conscience as a human being.  His wit, by which he sets great store, is that of a Dutch dissenting class leader, his wisdom that of a circus clown, his temper that of Meg Merriles, his honesty that of Ananias and Sapphira, his ambition that of Beast Butler, and his appearance and manners those of Uriah Keep.  His fate will be upon the earth wreck and ruin, the exposure of his littleness and puppiness, the disgrace of his military pretensions and the discomfiture of all his schemes; in the world to come—though I judged not let I be judged—you can imagine what awards will be assigned to a villain, who not content with insulting the purity of womanhood and assailing the innocence of children, points his blasphemous tongue like a hissing adder in the face of his Maker.  Ugh!  what a disgust the things inspires [sic]!  A paltry villian [sic], a currish knave, the very Fawkes of society, the situs cates of war, a dull sharper, a cheat and shame upon the name of soldier, the very embodiment of an ill-begotten, ill-bred and destined caterpiller [sic], clinging only to sloth and milldew [sic], climbing no higher than the scum of a rank and putrid atmosphere.

Last night a shell, a forty-two pounder, struck the Presbyterian Church.  It passed through the pulpit and floor into the basement, or Sunday school room, where a number of citizens had sought refuge.  Here it exploded.  The scene which followed was frightful.  Several were hurt and one poor fellow had his arm shot off . . .


Tuesday, August 26, 2014

August 27, 1864---The Atlanta & West Point Railroad falls to the Yankees



AUGUST 27, 1864:   

The Atlanta and West Point Railroad falls to the Yankees. The Union armies enveloping Atlanta begin to move against the Western & Macon Railroad. If the railroad is cut, General John Bell Hood C.S.A. will have little choice but to fight it out to the death, flee, or worst of all, surrender. 


Monday, August 25, 2014

August 26, 1864---"The Yankees have gone."



AUGUST 26, 1864:    

William Tecumseh Sherman spends the day maneuvering troops for what he hopes will be the final assault on Atlanta. While his units position themselves and reinforcements arrive, he orders General John M. Schofield to “demonstrate” against John Bell Hood’s forces now essentially trapped in Atlanta. The “demonstration” amounts to little more than chest beating en masse, and for a day no shells fall on Atlanta. Carrie Berry, a 10-year-old girl living in Atlanta, tells her diary:

Cousin Henry came in this morning and told us we need not fear the shells any more. The Yankees left there brest works and he hoped they were on the way back to Tennessee. We have had such a delightful day. We all wanted to move to day but we will wait til to morrow and see if the Yankees have gone.


Sunday, August 24, 2014

August 25, 1864---The Second Battle of Reams’ Station



AUGUST 25, 1864:   

The Second Battle of Reams’ Station:   

    
Desperate to rescue a remnant of the Wilmington and Weldon Railroad, Robert E. Lee orders an all-out attack on the Union line. He virtually empties Petersburg in order to stage the attack, which is fierce and bloody and messily repulsed by General George Meade with the loss of 2,747 Union men (over 1000 captured) against only 814 for the Confederacy.

Although the Second Battle of Reams’ Station is a clear Confederate victory in terms of numbers killed, wounded, and missing, otherwise it is a dismal failure. The Confederacy loses over 800 of its vaunted cavalrymen in a time and place it can ill-afford; and the Union, though battered in the battle, seizes and holds 26 more miles of the track, which it quickly destroys.

Supplies moving between Richmond and Petersburg now must be offloaded from the railroad at Stony Creek Depot and must travel via easily attackable wagon trains into Petersburg.

At least after the Second Battle of The Weldon Railroad on August 18th there had been a rail spur (including a 30 mile detour) into the city. Now, only the Southside Railroad remains open.

General George Meade wrote:

These frequent affairs are gradually thinning . . . the enemy . . . but unfortunately, the offensive being forced on us, causes us to seek battle on the enemy's terms, and our losses are accordingly the greatest . . .

Historians still debate a fact that seemingly eluded Meade: In the attack, Lee left Petersburg barely defended and open to seizure. It is one of the great What Ifs of the Civil War to wonder whether General Grant, had he been in command, would have foiled Lee’s attack by trading the rail line for the city. Grant, however, was ill, and confined to his tent for the day.

August 24, 1864---Destruction of the Weldon Railroad



AUGUST 24, 1864:   

The Federal Army moves along the line of the Weldon Railroad tearing up track, fueling huge bonfires with the ties, and deforming rails in the heat of the flames. This is a nightmare for Robert E. Lee. The Weldon is the most direct supply line between Petersburg and Richmond, and the destruction of the railroad bodes very ill for the increasingly isolated Confederate capital. While this destruction is carried out, Union forces are busily raiding Lee’s other supply lines. Petersburg and Richmond are intermittently rendered incommunicado.